Anesthetic Use: What to Know Before, During, and After a Procedure

More than a million people get anesthesia every year. Most go home fine, but a few simple steps before surgery cut risks and speed recovery. This page gives clear, practical advice on anesthetic use — what anesthesia does, common drugs, interactions, and quick prep tips you can use today.

Types of anesthesia and how they work

Local anesthesia numbs one small area. Common drugs: lidocaine and bupivacaine. They block nerve signals so you don't feel pain at the site.

Regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural) numbs a larger area — for example, a leg or the lower body. It’s often used for childbirth and some orthopedic surgeries.

General anesthesia makes you fully unconscious. Typical drugs include propofol for induction and inhaled agents like sevoflurane to keep you asleep. Opioids and benzodiazepines are often added for pain control and sedation. Because these affect breathing and blood pressure, monitoring is required.

Conscious sedation is lighter — you stay relaxed or sleepy but can respond. Drugs like midazolam or low-dose propofol are common choices.

Prep and safety tips you can act on

Tell your anesthetist about every medicine, supplement, and allergy. That includes prescriptions, over-the-counter pills, and herbs. For example, garlic supplements (like Lasuna) can increase bleeding risk — mention them. Also flag benzodiazepines such as Ativan, especially if you have heart concerns; anesthetists will adjust dosing or monitoring.

Follow fasting rules. Usually no solid food 6–8 hours before and no clear liquids 2 hours before anesthesia. If you break these rules, the risk of aspiration rises and your surgery may be delayed.

Ask about which meds to stop. Common ones to review with your team: blood thinners, certain diabetes drugs, and some blood pressure meds (your provider will tell you which to hold or keep). If you take methyldopa or lisinopril-HCTZ, bring the medication list and ask specifically how to manage them before surgery.

Older adults need special attention. Confusion, low sodium, and slower drug clearance can make recovery harder. If you care for an elderly relative, read up on hyponatremia and mention any memory or balance problems to the team before anesthesia.

After anesthesia, expect nausea, sore throat, or grogginess. Pain control plans vary: ask if non-opioid options (acetaminophen, nerve blocks) are available to reduce opioid use. If you buy meds online, use trusted pharmacies and check the product info — and avoid mixing drugs that interact with anesthesia.

If anything feels off after the procedure — severe dizziness, chest pain, trouble breathing, or sudden swelling — get medical help right away. For routine questions, ask your surgeon or anesthetist: they want you safe and comfortable.

Want deeper reads? Our site has practical articles on related drugs and safety — from managing sedatives and heart risks to tips on buying meds safely. Pick the pieces that match your surgery and bring notes to your pre-op visit.